How to Create And Use the .htaccess File
The .htaccess (Hypertext Access) file is a configuration file placed in your website’s root folder. It tells the server how to handle specific requests. Most websites use it for URL rewriting, security rules, caching, and redirects.
Common use cases include:
- Creating SEO-friendly URLs
- Redirecting pages (301 redirects)
- Blocking IP addresses
- Setting custom error pages
- Enabling compression for faster loading
It’s easy to create and edit, but must be handled carefully because wrong rules can break your site.
How to Create a .htaccess File
You can create a .htaccess file in just a few steps:
Step 1: Open a Text Editor
Use any basic editor:
- Notepad (Windows)
- TextEdit (Mac)
Step 2: Save the File
Save the file as:
.htaccess
Make sure:
- There is no file extension
- It starts with a dot (.)
Step 3: Upload the File to Your Server
Using:
- cPanel File Manager
- FTP (FileZilla)
- Hosting dashboard
Upload it to the public_html or root folder of your domain.
Popular .htaccess Rules You Can Use
1. 301 Redirect (Permanent Redirect)
Used when moving pages or domains:
Redirect 301 /old-page https://yourwebsite.com/new-page
2. Force HTTPS
For secure browsing:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
3. Create SEO-Friendly URLs
Remove index.php or file extensions:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
4. Block a Specific IP
Order Allow,Deny
Deny from 123.456.789.000
Allow from all
5. Custom Error Pages
ErrorDocument 404 /404.html
ErrorDocument 403 /403.html
Why the .htaccess File Is Important
The file helps you:
Improve SEO
Clean URLs, redirects, and error pages help with indexing.
Improve Website Security
You can block bad bots, disable directory browsing, and protect files.
Speed Up the Website
Enable cache control and compression (Gzip).
Manage Redirects Easily
Fix broken links or moved pages with simple rules.
Enhance User Experience
Custom error pages and HTTPS improve trust.
Best Practices for Using .htaccess
- Always take a backup before editing.
- Test after making any changes.
- Avoid unnecessary rules to prevent slow performance.
- Use proper redirect types (301, 302).
- Keep your file clean and organized.